Pakistan Air Force Fighter Jets: The Rise of J-10C in Modern Aerial Warfare

As regional tensions surge and military strategies evolve, few developments have stirred as much global attention as the involvement of Pakistan Air Force (PAF) fighter jets in recent combat operations. On May 8, 2025, Pakistan officially confirmed that its Chinese-made J-10C jets were used in response to Indian airstrikes, marking a significant moment in South Asian military history. This announcement follows days of speculation about the role of advanced Chinese aircraft in escalating border tensions between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.

Pakistan Air Force Fighter Jets and the Deployment of J-10C

The Pakistan Air Force fighter jets have long played a pivotal role in the country’s defense, but the deployment of J-10C jets in live combat marks a new chapter in PAF’s operational capabilities. During an address to the National Assembly, Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar confirmed the J-10C’s engagement in a retaliatory mission following Indian aggression. Pakistan’s defense command reportedly received intelligence of a potential Indian strike around 10 PM on May 7, prompting immediate mobilization of its aerial assets.

Dar emphasized the government’s measured approach. “There were instructions to only target Indian jets that released payloads,” he said. This strategic directive led to the downing of five Indian jets, including three French-made Rafales, without provoking wider conflict. The use of Chinese J-10C jets in this operation signals Pakistan’s growing reliance on high-tech, foreign-made military platforms and its readiness to utilize them in national defense scenarios.

The Strategic Impact of J-10C Jets in Pakistan’s Arsenal

The J-10C, a single-engine, multirole combat aircraft developed by Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group, represents a significant upgrade over earlier platforms in PAF’s fleet. These jets are equipped with advanced active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars and can launch the long-range PL-15E air-to-air missiles—making them formidable adversaries in modern dogfights. Pakistan’s decision to deploy these jets against Indian fighters underscores their combat readiness and advanced technology.

According to Bloomberg, shares of Chinese defense manufacturers surged following news of the J-10C’s involvement, reflecting investor confidence in the export potential of Chinese military technology. Indeed, with the J-10C’s first confirmed combat engagement, China has demonstrated the effectiveness of its homegrown systems on a global stage.

Notably, debris from PL-15E missiles was discovered in Punjab, India, reinforcing claims that the J-10C or JF-17C Block 3 aircraft were actively involved. These missiles, designed for beyond-visual-range engagements, further highlight the advanced capabilities of Pakistan’s current air defense apparatus.

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The Evolution of PAF’s Fighter Jet Capabilities

Over the last two decades, the Pakistan Air Force has transitioned from a legacy fleet of F-7s and Mirages to a sophisticated mix of multirole fighters. The acquisition of 36 J-10CEs in 2020, followed by deliveries starting in 2022, has significantly bolstered PAF’s aerial superiority. To date, 20 of these aircraft are operational, with more on the way.

In 2024, the J-10Cs were involved in a cross-border operation into Iran—an operation that, while non-combative, demonstrated their ability to support complex missions. However, their latest engagement marks the platform’s first real-world test in air-to-air combat, with apparent success. Such developments not only increase Pakistan’s deterrence capabilities but also place the country’s air force in the spotlight as a case study in modern aerial warfare tactics.

Global Implications and Future Outlook

The confirmed deployment of Chinese-made jets in combat has sparked global discussions. Defense analysts suggest that successful use of J-10Cs in live combat situations could influence procurement decisions in other countries. Egypt, for example, has already shown interest in the platform, with Egyptian pilots recently seen participating in joint drills using the J-10C.

Uzbekistan is another nation reportedly weighing its options between acquiring the J-10C and French Rafale jets. The Pakistani example could tip the balance, especially in regions where defense budgets favor cost-effective, high-performance systems.

For India, the loss of five jets—including three Rafales—is a significant setback. While New Delhi has dismissed Islamabad’s claims as “disinformation,” the incident has ignited political discourse both within and outside India, prompting calls for reassessment of strategic preparedness.

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Diplomatic Reactions and the China-Pakistan Defense Nexus

Diplomatically, the incident has tightened the bonds between China and Pakistan. Pakistani Foreign Minister Dar stated that the Chinese ambassador visited his office at 4 AM following the confrontation. The ambassador reportedly expressed “great happiness” about the jets’ performance. This interaction reflects China’s vested interest in seeing its defense exports succeed in real-world applications and showcases the deepening military collaboration between Beijing and Islamabad.

Pakistan’s Future Defense Trajectory

As border tensions in South Asia persist, Pakistan’s investment in advanced aerial platforms like the J-10C positions it strategically for both defense and deterrence. With successful combat engagement now under its belt, the PAF is poised to be a key player in the region’s power dynamics.

As global military procurement dynamics shift, nations will be closely watching how systems like the J-10C perform in diverse theaters of war. For now, Pakistan’s demonstration of strategic restraint paired with tactical effectiveness serves as a potential blueprint for nations balancing aggression and diplomacy.

Pakistan Air Force fighter jets have undeniably reshaped regional military dynamics with the successful combat deployment of the J-10C. As international interest grows, the PAF’s evolving capabilities will remain a focal point in discussions of modern airpower and defense strategy.

FAQs

What are the key features of the J-10C fighter jet?

The J-10C is equipped with an AESA radar, advanced avionics, and can carry long-range PL-15E missiles. It’s a 4.5-generation multirole fighter designed for superior air combat.

How many J-10C jets does Pakistan currently operate?

As of May 2025, Pakistan operates 20 J-10C jets, with additional units expected to be delivered under a 36-jet procurement agreement with China.

What role did the J-10C play in the recent India-Pakistan clash?

The J-10C jets were used to intercept and shoot down Indian aircraft that allegedly violated Pakistani airspace, marking the first combat kill for the platform.

Is the PL-15E missile used by the J-10C effective?

Yes, the PL-15E is a long-range air-to-air missile with AESA radar guidance and high speed. It is considered highly capable for modern aerial combat scenarios.

What countries are interested in buying the J-10C?

Egypt and Uzbekistan have shown interest in acquiring the J-10C, with both nations evaluating it against other platforms like the French Rafale.

How does the J-10C compare to Indian Rafale jets?

While Rafales are known for their versatility and European tech, the J-10C offers a cost-effective, high-tech alternative with advanced missiles and radar systems, now battle-proven.