Role of Women in Bangladesh Garments Sector

Behind every stitch, seam, and shipment from Bangladesh’s booming apparel industry stands the strength and dedication of women. The women in Bangladesh garments have not only powered the sector’s growth but also transformed their own lives and society at large. As the country evolved into the world’s second-largest garment exporter, it is the women — often from rural, underprivileged backgrounds — who have carried this transformation on their shoulders.

Women’s Contribution to the Garments Industry

More than 4 million workers are employed in the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh, and approximately 80% of them are women. These women have become the backbone of the industry, handling everything from sewing and cutting to finishing and quality control.

The entry of women into this sector dates back to the 1980s when the industry started expanding rapidly. For many, this was their first opportunity to earn a wage and gain financial independence. Garment work not only offered employment but also empowerment — challenging societal norms and reshaping gender roles in Bangladesh.

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How the Garment Sector Empowers Women

1. Economic Empowerment

Employment in the RMG industry has allowed millions of women to earn their own income. This financial independence often leads to improved living standards, better nutrition, and access to education for their children.

2. Social Liberation

Traditionally, Bangladeshi women were expected to stay at home. Garment jobs have enabled them to step outside domestic roles, contribute to household decisions, and gain respect in their communities.

3. Delayed Marriage and Family Planning

Studies show that working women in the RMG sector tend to marry later and have fewer children. This has broader implications for population control and women’s health.

4. Skill Development

Many factories provide training on sewing, quality control, compliance, and leadership. These skills have helped women grow within the industry or start their own small businesses.

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Challenges Faced by Women in the Garments Sector

Despite their massive contribution, women still face challenges such as low wages, long working hours, lack of childcare facilities, and vulnerability to harassment. Gender-based discrimination and limited access to leadership positions also persist.

However, the situation is improving. Laws mandating maternity leave, safety audits, and sexual harassment policies are being enforced more strictly. NGOs and international buyers are working with factories to improve working conditions and promote female-friendly policies.

Steps Toward Gender Equality

Several initiatives are helping bridge the gender gap:

• Training programs for female supervisors
• Women’s health awareness workshops
• Factory childcare centers
• Worker helplines and grievance redressal systems

With continued efforts, the role of women in the garments industry is expected to expand from operational tasks to strategic leadership.

FAQs

How many women work in the Bangladesh garments sector?

Approximately 80% of the 4 million RMG workers in Bangladesh are women.

Why is the garment sector important for women in Bangladesh?

It provides employment, economic independence, and social empowerment, especially for women from rural and underprivileged backgrounds.

What challenges do women face in garment factories?

Common challenges include low wages, long hours, harassment, and limited access to leadership roles. However, reforms are underway.

How does the RMG sector impact gender equality in Bangladesh?

It challenges traditional gender roles, promotes women’s rights, and fosters financial and social inclusion.

Are there leadership opportunities for women in the RMG sector?

Yes, though limited, more training programs and awareness are helping women move into supervisory and managerial positions.