Scientists Uncover How Body Stops Immune System from Self-Attack, Win Nobel Prize

Three scientists won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi were honored for their work. The award was announced in Stockholm on October 6th. Their research explained a vital bodily process.

This process is called peripheral immune tolerance. It stops the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues. The Nobel committee said their work spurred new treatments for major diseases.

Groundbreaking Discovery Paves Way for New Therapies

The scientists’ work solved a major medical mystery. The body’s immune system is designed to fight invaders. Sometimes, it mistakenly attacks healthy cells.

This can lead to autoimmune diseases. The laureates discovered how the body prevents this. Their research identified key cells and mechanisms. According to the Nobel Assembly, this created a new field of research.

Their findings have direct clinical applications. New treatments for cancer and autoimmune conditions are now possible. These therapies work by manipulating the immune system’s brakes. The work builds on decades of meticulous study.

Nobel Prize Recognizes Lasting Impact on Medicine

The practical impact of this discovery is immense. It provides a new framework for understanding immunity. Doctors can now better treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Cancer immunotherapy has also been advanced.

This Nobel Prize is the first to be announced this year. It follows the tradition of honoring life-changing science. The prize includes a medal and a financial award. Laureates will receive their prizes in December.

The Nobel Prize in Medicine has been awarded 115 times. Last year’s winners were recognized for discovering microRNA. This year’s choice continues the focus on fundamental biological processes.

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine highlights a critical immune system mechanism. This discovery of peripheral immune tolerance is already saving lives. It promises more effective treatments for patients worldwide.

Thought you’d like to know

What is peripheral immune tolerance?

It is a natural process that prevents the immune system from attacking the body’s own healthy tissues. This mechanism helps avoid autoimmune diseases where the body mistakenly targets itself.

Why is this discovery important for cancer treatment?

It has led to new cancer immunotherapies. By understanding how the immune system is controlled, scientists can develop treatments that help it better recognize and destroy cancer cells.

How many people have won the Medicine Nobel now?

With the 2025 award, 232 individuals have received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine since 1901. This year’s three winners join a prestigious list of laureates.

What are autoimmune diseases?

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system attacks its own cells. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. The laureates’ work helps explain why this happens.

When will the other Nobel Prizes be announced?

The physics prize comes out Tuesday, followed by chemistry Wednesday and literature Thursday. The Peace Prize is announced Friday, with the economics award on October 13.

Trusted Sources

Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Reuters, Associated Press.