A condition long associated mainly with ovarian cysts is being formally reframed by medical experts who say the old name failed to capture the full reality of the illness affecting millions of women worldwide.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, widely known as PCOS, has been renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, or PMOS, following the publication of a paper by an international panel of clinicians and patient advocates in The Lancet. The change reflects growing recognition that the disorder reaches far beyond reproductive health and often involves metabolic, hormonal, psychological and dermatological complications.

Doctors and patients involved in the effort say the previous terminology contributed to years of confusion, delayed diagnoses and misunderstandings about what the condition actually looks like.

PCOS affects an estimated 170 million women globally and roughly one in 10 women of reproductive age in the United States. Yet many patients spend years seeking answers because there is no single diagnostic test and symptoms can vary significantly from one person to another.

Under the traditional criteria, a diagnosis typically required two out of three signs: irregular or absent ovulation, elevated androgen levels or symptoms linked to excess androgens such as abnormal hair growth, and the presence of polycystic ovaries or elevated anti-Mullerian hormone levels.

That framework, specialists now argue, focused too narrowly on reproductive markers.

Lekshmi T. Nair, founder of the PCOS clinic at Ohio State University’s Wexner Medical Center, said the original name often misled both patients and providers because it implied ovarian cysts were central to the condition.

In reality, many women diagnosed with the disorder never develop cysts significant enough to appear in imaging or satisfy diagnostic assumptions tied to the name itself.

For some patients, that misunderstanding became a barrier to care.

Chloe Buchanan-Puig, a 32-year-old from Nashville, said she began experiencing increasingly painful and irregular periods in 2024, alongside facial hair growth, fatigue and intense sugar cravings. After seeing videos about PCOS online, she suspected she might have the condition and sought medical help.

An ultrasound did not show ovarian cysts, she said, and her concerns were dismissed.

“I didn’t have any cysts, so they basically just brushed me off and said nothing was wrong,” Buchanan-Puig said.

She continued managing symptoms on her own for another year before finding a gynecologist who took her complaints seriously. She received a diagnosis this year.

The revised PMOS terminology aims to better reflect the wider range of symptoms linked to the disorder, including obesity, acne, anxiety, depression, infertility, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, liver disease and cardiovascular risks.

Anuja Dokras, director of the Penn Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Center and a co-author of the Lancet paper, said the older diagnostic focus overlooked how differently the condition can present from patient to patient.

That experience echoed for Chloe Keller, a 29-year-old from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who said she first noticed symptoms as a teenager. Migraines, facial hair growth, acne and unexplained weight gain gradually worsened over the years, though she initially ruled out PCOS because her menstrual cycles remained relatively regular.

In 2020, Keller raised concerns with a doctor but said she was advised mainly to lose weight. Despite maintaining regular exercise and healthy eating habits, she said her symptoms continued.

It was not until 2024, after seeing an obstetrician-gynecologist who ordered additional testing, that she received a diagnosis despite not having ovarian cysts.

Keller believes the name change could help reduce stigma and broaden public understanding of the condition beyond fertility issues alone.

“I had to fight for myself for three years before anything was done,” she said.

Some patients remain cautious about how much practical change the rebranding alone will bring.

Buchanan-Puig said improved treatments and stronger research matter more than terminology if women are to see meaningful progress in care. She noted frustration that treatment discussions often still revolve around birth control or weight-loss medication.

Researchers involved in the change say the updated terminology could help shift attention toward broader funding priorities and encourage agencies to support more extensive studies into the condition’s causes and long-term effects.

Xiaomi 17T Pro Leak Points to May 28 Global Launch Alongside 17T

For now, clinicians and patients pushing for the new name see it less as a cosmetic adjustment and more as an attempt to correct years of misunderstanding around one of the world’s most common hormonal disorders.