China’s Commerce Ministry announced export controls on 10 American companies involved in defense, aerospace, and rare earth mining on Monday. The measure restricts Chinese exporters from supplying “dual-use” items—goods with both civilian and military applications—to the listed entities.

The sanctions represent Beijing’s response to Washington’s decision to expand a blacklist of Chinese firms it claims have links to the country’s military. Earlier this month, the US Defense Department added several major Chinese companies, including Alibaba, Baidu, and BYD, to the military-linked entities list.

In a parallel move, China’s Finance Ministry prohibited government procurement buyers from purchasing products from 46 additional US companies. The measure widens Beijing’s retaliatory scope beyond direct export restrictions to broader procurement exclusions.

The escalation comes one month after US President Donald Trump visited Beijing for talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping aimed at stabilizing relations between the world’s two largest economies. Both sides had agreed to work toward reducing tariffs, yet tensions have resurfaced sharply over technology and defense matters.

Trade tensions between Washington and Beijing show little sign of abating despite high-level diplomatic engagement. The tit-for-tat sanctions cycle demonstrates the fragility of recent agreements and the depth of strategic competition between the two powers.